Theory Order_ZF_1

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theory Order_ZF_1
imports Order ZF1
(*   This file is a part of IsarMathLib -     a library of formalized mathematics for Isabelle/Isar.    Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007  Slawomir Kolodynski    This program is free software; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,     with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or    other materials provided with the distribution.   3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.*)header{*\isaheader{Order\_ZF\_1.thy}*}theory Order_ZF_1 imports Order ZF1begintext{*In @{text "Order_ZF"} we define some notions related to order relations  based on the nonstrict orders ($\leq$ type). Some people however prefer to talk  about these notions in terms of the strict order relation ($<$ type).   This is the case for the standard Isabelle @{text "Order.thy"} and also for   Metamath. In this theory file we repeat some developments from @{text "Order_ZF"}  using the strict order relation as a basis.This is mostly useful for Metamath   translation, but is also of some general interest. The names of theorems are   copied from Metamath.*}section{*Definitions and basic properties*}text{*In this section we introduce some definitions taken from Metamath and relate   them to the ones used by the standard Isabelle @{text "Order.thy"}.  *}text{* The next definition is the strict version of the linear order.  What we write as @{text "R Orders A"} is written $R Ord A$ in Metamath.  *}definitionStrictOrder (infix "Orders" 65) where  "R Orders A ≡ ∀x y z. (x∈A ∧ y∈A ∧ z∈A) -->   (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)) ∧   (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R)";text{*The definition of supremum for a (strict) linear order.*}definition  "Sup(B,A,R) ≡   \<Union> {x ∈ A. (∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧   (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> (∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))}"text{*Definition of infimum for a linear order.   It is defined in terms of supremum.*}definition  "Infim(B,A,R) ≡ Sup(B,A,converse(R))"text{*If relation $R$ orders a set $A$, (in Metamath sense) then $R$   is irreflexive, transitive and linear therefore is a total order on $A$   (in Isabelle sense).*}lemma orders_imp_tot_ord: assumes A1: "R Orders A"  shows   "irrefl(A,R)"  "trans[A](R)"  "part_ord(A,R)"  "linear(A,R)"  "tot_ord(A,R)"proof -  from A1 have I:    "∀x y z. (x∈A ∧ y∈A ∧ z∈A) -->     (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)) ∧     (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R)"    unfolding StrictOrder_def by simp;  then have "∀x∈A. ⟨x,x⟩ ∉ R" by blast;  then show "irrefl(A,R)" using irrefl_def by simp;  moreover  from I have     "∀x∈A. ∀y∈A. ∀z∈A. ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R"    by blast;  then show "trans[A](R)" unfolding trans_on_def by blast;  ultimately show "part_ord(A,R)" using part_ord_def    by simp;  moreover  from I have    "∀x∈A. ∀y∈A. ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∨ x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R"    by blast;  then show "linear(A,R)" unfolding linear_def by blast;  ultimately show "tot_ord(A,R)" using tot_ord_def    by simp;qed;text{*A converse of @{text "orders_imp_tot_ord"}. Together with that  theorem this shows that Metamath's notion of an order relation is equivalent to  Isabelles @{text "tot_ord"} predicate. *}lemma tot_ord_imp_orders: assumes A1: "tot_ord(A,R)"  shows "R Orders A"proof -  from A1 have     I: "linear(A,R)" and      II: "irrefl(A,R)" and     III: "trans[A](R)" and    IV: "part_ord(A,R)"    using tot_ord_def part_ord_def by auto;  from IV have "asym(R ∩ A×A)"    using part_ord_Imp_asym by simp;  then have V: "∀x y. ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ (R ∩ A×A) --> ¬(⟨y,x⟩ ∈ (R ∩ A×A))"    unfolding asym_def by blast;  from I have VI: "∀x∈A. ∀y∈A. ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∨ x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R"    unfolding linear_def by blast;  from III have VII:    "∀x∈A. ∀y∈A. ∀z∈A. ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R"    unfolding trans_on_def by blast;  { fix x y z    assume T: "x∈A" "y∈A" "z∈A"    have "⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)"    proof;      assume A2: "⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R"      with V T have  "¬(⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)" by blast;      moreover from II T A2 have "x≠y" using irrefl_def	by auto;      ultimately show "¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)" by simp;    next assume  "¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)"      with VI T show "⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R" by auto;    qed;    moreover from VII T have      "⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R"      by blast;    ultimately have "(⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)) ∧       (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R)"      by simp;  } then have "∀x y z. (x∈A ∧ y∈A ∧ z∈A) -->       (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)) ∧       (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R)"    by auto;  then show "R Orders A" using StrictOrder_def by simp;qed;    section{*Properties of (strict) total orders *}text{*In this section we discuss the properties of strict order relations.   This continues the development contained in the standard Isabelle's   @{text "Order.thy"} with a view towards using the theorems   translated from Metamath.*}text{*A relation orders a set iff the converse relation orders a set. Going  one way we can use the the lemma @{text "tot_od_converse"} from the standard   Isabelle's @{text "Order.thy"}.The other way is a bit more complicated (note that  in Isabelle for @{text "converse(converse(r)) = r"} one needs $r$ to consist  of ordered pairs, which does not follow from the @{text "StrictOrder"}   definition above).*}lemma cnvso: shows "R Orders A <-> converse(R) Orders A"proof;  let ?r = "converse(R)"  assume "R Orders A"  then have "tot_ord(A,?r)" using orders_imp_tot_ord tot_ord_converse    by simp;  then show "?r Orders A" using tot_ord_imp_orders    by simp;next  let ?r = "converse(R)"  assume "?r Orders A"  then have A2: "∀x y z. (x∈A ∧ y∈A ∧ z∈A) -->     (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ ?r <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ ?r)) ∧     (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ ?r ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ ?r --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ ?r)"    using StrictOrder_def by simp;  { fix x y z    assume "x∈A ∧ y∈A ∧ z∈A"    with A2 have      I: "⟨y,x⟩ ∈ ?r <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ ?r)" and      II: "⟨y,x⟩ ∈ ?r ∧ ⟨z,y⟩ ∈ ?r --> ⟨z,x⟩ ∈ ?r"      by auto;    from I have "⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)"      by auto;    moreover from II have "⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R"      by auto;    ultimately have "(⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)) ∧       (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R)" by simp;  } then have  "∀x y z. (x∈A ∧ y∈A ∧ z∈A) -->       (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R <-> ¬(x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R)) ∧       (⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∧ ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R --> ⟨x,z⟩ ∈ R)"    by auto;  then show "R Orders A" using StrictOrder_def by simp;qed;text{*Supremum is unique, if it exists.*}lemma supeu: assumes A1: "R Orders A" and A2: "x∈A" and  A3: "∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R" and A4: "∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R  --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R)"   shows   "∃!x. x∈A∧(∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"proof  from A2 A3 A4 show    "∃ x. x∈A∧(∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"    by auto;next fix x⇣1 x⇣2  assume A5:    "x⇣1 ∈ A ∧ (∀y∈B. ⟨x⇣1,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⇣1⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"    "x⇣2 ∈ A ∧ (∀y∈B. ⟨x⇣2,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⇣2⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"  from A1 have "linear(A,R)" using orders_imp_tot_ord tot_ord_def    by simp;  then have "∀x∈A. ∀y∈A. ⟨x,y⟩ ∈ R ∨ x=y ∨ ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R"    unfolding linear_def by blast;  with A5 have "⟨x⇣1,x⇣2⟩ ∈ R ∨ x⇣1=x⇣2 ∨ ⟨x⇣2,x⇣1⟩ ∈ R" by blast;  moreover   { assume "⟨x⇣1,x⇣2⟩ ∈ R"    with A5 obtain z where "z∈B" and "⟨x⇣1,z⟩ ∈ R" by auto;    with A5 have False by auto }  moreover  { assume "⟨x⇣2,x⇣1⟩ ∈ R"    with A5 obtain z where "z∈B" and "⟨x⇣2,z⟩ ∈ R" by auto;    with A5 have False by auto }  ultimately  show "x⇣1 = x⇣2" by auto;qed;text{*Supremum has expected properties if it exists.*}lemma sup_props: assumes A1: "R Orders A" and   A2: "∃x∈A. (∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"  shows   "Sup(B,A,R) ∈ A"  "∀y∈B. ⟨Sup(B,A,R),y⟩ ∉ R"  "∀y∈A. ⟨y,Sup(B,A,R)⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R )"proof -  let ?S = "{x∈A. (∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R ) ) }"  from A2 obtain x where     "x∈A" and "(∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R)" and "∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R)"    by auto;  with A1 have I:    "∃!x. x∈A∧(∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"    using supeu by simp;  then have "( \<Union>?S ) ∈ A" by (rule ZF1_1_L9);  then show "Sup(B,A,R) ∈ A" using Sup_def by simp;  from I have II:    "(∀y∈B. ⟨\<Union>?S ,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,\<Union>?S⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"    by (rule ZF1_1_L9);  hence "∀y∈B. ⟨\<Union>?S,y⟩ ∉ R" by blast;  moreover have III: "(\<Union>?S) = Sup(B,A,R)" using Sup_def by simp;  ultimately show "∀y∈B. ⟨Sup(B,A,R),y⟩ ∉ R" by simp;  from II have IV: "∀y∈A. ⟨y,\<Union>?S⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R)"    by blast;  { fix y assume A3: "y∈A" and "⟨y,Sup(B,A,R)⟩ ∈ R"    with III have "⟨y,\<Union>?S⟩ ∈ R" by simp;    with IV A3 have "∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R" by blast;  } thus  "∀y∈A. ⟨y,Sup(B,A,R)⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R )"    by simp;qed;text{*Elements greater or equal than any element of $B$ are   greater or equal than supremum of $B$.*}lemma supnub: assumes A1: "R Orders A" and A2:   "∃x∈A. (∀y∈B. ⟨x,y⟩ ∉ R) ∧ (∀y∈A. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R))"  and A3: "c ∈ A" and A4: "∀z∈B. ⟨c,z⟩ ∉ R"  shows "⟨c, Sup(B,A,R)⟩ ∉ R"proof -  from A1 A2 have    "∀y∈A. ⟨y,Sup(B,A,R)⟩ ∈ R --> ( ∃z∈B. ⟨y,z⟩ ∈ R )"    by (rule sup_props);  with A3 A4 show "⟨c, Sup(B,A,R)⟩ ∉ R" by auto;qed;end