# Theory Order_ZF

theory Order_ZF
imports Fol1
(*   This file is a part of IsarMathLib -     a library of formalized mathematics for Isabelle/Isar.    Copyright (C) 2005 - 2008  Slawomir Kolodynski    This program is free software; Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,     with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or    other materials provided with the distribution.   3. The name of the author may not be used to endorse or promote products    derived from this software without specific prior written permission.THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.*)header{*\isaheader{Order\_ZF.thy}*}theory Order_ZF imports Fol1begintext{*This theory file considers various notion related to order. We redefine  the notions of a total order, linear order and partial order to have the   same terminology as Wikipedia (I found it very consistent across different   areas of math). We also define and study the notions of intervals and bounded  sets. We show the inclusion relations between the intervals with endpoints  being in certain order. We also show that union of bounded sets are bounded.   This allows to show in @{text "Finite_ZF.thy"} that finite sets are bounded.*}section{*Definitions*}text{*In this section we formulate the definitions related to order   relations.*}text{*A relation $r$ is ''total'' on a set $X$ if for all elements   $a,b$ of $X$ we have $a$ is in relation with $b$ or $b$ is in relation  with $a$. An example is the $\leq$ relation on numbers.  *}definition  IsTotal (infixl "{is total on}" 65) where  "r {is total on} X ≡ (∀a∈X.∀b∈X. ⟨ a,b⟩ ∈ r ∨ ⟨ b,a⟩ ∈ r)"text{*A relation $r$ is a partial order on $X$ if it is reflexive on $X$  (i.e. $\langle x,x \rangle$ for every $x\in X$), antisymmetric   (if $\langle x, y\rangle \in r$ and $\langle y, x\rangle \in r$, then  $x=y$) and transitive $\langle x, y\rangle \in r$ and   $\langle y, z\rangle \in r$ implies $\langle x, z\rangle \in r$).   *}definition  "IsPartOrder(X,r) ≡ (refl(X,r) ∧ antisym(r) ∧ trans(r))"text{*We define a linear order as a binary relation that is antisymmetric,   transitive and total. Note that this terminology is different than the  one used the standard Order.thy file.*}definition  "IsLinOrder(X,r) ≡ ( antisym(r) ∧ trans(r) ∧ (r {is total on} X))"text{*A set is bounded above if there is that is an upper  bound for it,  i.e. there are some $u$ such that   $\langle x, u\rangle \in r$ for all $x\in A$.   In addition, the empty set is defined as bounded.*}definition  "IsBoundedAbove(A,r) ≡ ( A=0 ∨ (∃u. ∀x∈A. ⟨ x,u⟩ ∈ r))"text{*We define sets bounded below analogously.*}definition  "IsBoundedBelow(A,r) ≡ (A=0 ∨ (∃l. ∀x∈A. ⟨ l,x⟩ ∈ r))"text{*A set is bounded if it is bounded below and above.*}definition  "IsBounded(A,r) ≡ (IsBoundedAbove(A,r) ∧ IsBoundedBelow(A,r))"text{*The notation for the definition of an interval may be mysterious for some  readers, see lemma @{text "Order_ZF_2_L1"} for more intuitive notation.*}definition  "Interval(r,a,b) ≡ r{a} ∩ r-{b}"text{*We also define the maximum (the greater of) two elemnts   in the obvious way.*}definition  "GreaterOf(r,a,b) ≡ (if ⟨ a,b⟩ ∈ r then b else a)"text{*The definition a a minimum (the smaller of) two elements.*}definition  "SmallerOf(r,a,b) ≡ (if ⟨ a,b⟩ ∈ r then a else b)"text{*We say that a set has a maximum if it has an element that is   not smaller that any other one. We show that  under some conditions this element of the set is unique (if exists).*}definition  "HasAmaximum(r,A) ≡ ∃M∈A.∀x∈A. ⟨ x,M⟩ ∈ r"text{*A similar definition what it means that a set has a minimum.*}definition  "HasAminimum(r,A) ≡ ∃m∈A.∀x∈A. ⟨ m,x⟩ ∈ r"text{*Definition of the maximum of a set.*}definition  "Maximum(r,A) ≡ THE M. M∈A ∧ (∀x∈A. ⟨ x,M⟩ ∈ r)"text{*Definition of a minimum of a set.*}definition  "Minimum(r,A) ≡ THE m. m∈A ∧ (∀x∈A. ⟨ m,x⟩ ∈ r)"text{* The supremum of a set $A$ is defined as the minimum of the set of  upper bounds, i.e. the set   $\{u.\forall_{a\in A} \langle a,u\rangle \in r\}=\bigcap_{a\in A} r\{a\}$.    Recall that in Isabelle/ZF  @{text "r-(A)"} denotes the inverse image of the set $A$ by relation $r$  (i.e. @{text "r-(A)"}=$\{ x: \langle x,y\rangle\in r$ for some $y\in A\}$).*}definition  "Supremum(r,A) ≡ Minimum(r,\<Inter>a∈A. r{a})"text{*Infimum is defined analogously.*}definition  "Infimum(r,A) ≡ Maximum(r,\<Inter>a∈A. r-{a})"text{*We define a relation to be complete if every nonempty bounded  above set has a supremum.*}definition  IsComplete ("_ {is complete}") where  "r {is complete} ≡   ∀A. IsBoundedAbove(A,r) ∧ A≠0 --> HasAminimum(r,\<Inter>a∈A. r{a})"text{*The essential condition to show that a total relation is reflexive.*}lemma Order_ZF_1_L1: assumes "r {is total on} X" and "a∈X"  shows "⟨a,a⟩ ∈ r" using assms IsTotal_def by autotext{*A total relation is reflexive.*}lemma total_is_refl:  assumes "r {is total on} X"  shows "refl(X,r)" using assms Order_ZF_1_L1 refl_def by simptext{*A linear order is partial order.*}lemma Order_ZF_1_L2: assumes "IsLinOrder(X,r)"   shows "IsPartOrder(X,r)"   using assms IsLinOrder_def IsPartOrder_def refl_def Order_ZF_1_L1  by autotext{*Partial order that is total is linear.*}lemma Order_ZF_1_L3:   assumes "IsPartOrder(X,r)" and "r {is total on} X"  shows "IsLinOrder(X,r)"  using assms IsPartOrder_def IsLinOrder_def  by simptext{*Relation that is total on a set is total on any subset.*}lemma Order_ZF_1_L4: assumes "r {is total on} X" and "A⊆X"  shows "r {is total on} A"  using assms IsTotal_def by autotext{*A linear relation is linear on any subset.*}lemma ord_linear_subset: assumes  "IsLinOrder(X,r)" and "A⊆X"  shows  "IsLinOrder(A,r)"   using assms IsLinOrder_def Order_ZF_1_L4 by blasttext{*If the relation is total, then every set is a union of those elements  that are nongreater than a given one and nonsmaller than a given one.*}lemma Order_ZF_1_L5:   assumes "r {is total on} X" and "A⊆X" and "a∈X"  shows "A = {x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r} ∪ {x∈A. ⟨a,x⟩ ∈ r}"  using assms IsTotal_def by autotext{*A technical fact about reflexive relations.*}lemma refl_add_point:   assumes "refl(X,r)" and "A ⊆ B ∪ {x}" and "B ⊆ X" and  "x ∈ X" and "∀y∈B. ⟨y,x⟩ ∈ r"  shows "∀a∈A. ⟨a,x⟩ ∈ r"  using assms refl_def by auto;  section{*Intervals*}text{*In this section we discuss intervals.*}text{*The next lemma explains the notation of the definition of an interval.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L1:   shows "x ∈ Interval(r,a,b) <-> ⟨ a,x⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ x,b⟩ ∈ r"  using Interval_def by autotext{*Since there are some problems with applying the above lemma   (seems that simp and auto don't handle equivalence very well), we  split @{text "Order_ZF_2_L1"} into two lemmas.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L1A: assumes "x ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"  shows "⟨ a,x⟩ ∈ r"  "⟨ x,b⟩ ∈ r"  using assms  Order_ZF_2_L1 by autotext{* @{text "Order_ZF_2_L1"}, implication from right to left.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L1B: assumes "⟨ a,x⟩ ∈ r"  "⟨ x,b⟩ ∈ r"  shows "x ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"  using assms Order_ZF_2_L1 by simptext{*If the relation is reflexive, the endpoints belong to the interval.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L2: assumes "refl(X,r)"   and "a∈X"  "b∈X" and "⟨ a,b⟩ ∈ r"  shows   "a ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"    "b ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"    using assms refl_def Order_ZF_2_L1 by autotext{*Under the assumptions of @{text "Order_ZF_2_L2"}, the interval is   nonempty. *}lemma Order_ZF_2_L2A: assumes "refl(X,r)"   and "a∈X"  "b∈X" and "⟨ a,b⟩ ∈ r"  shows "Interval(r,a,b) ≠ 0"proof -  from assms have "a ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"    using Order_ZF_2_L2 by simp  then show "Interval(r,a,b) ≠ 0" by autoqedtext{*If $a,b,c,d$ are in this order, then $[b,c]\subseteq [a,d]$. We  only need trasitivity for this to be true.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L3:   assumes A1: "trans(r)" and A2:"⟨ a,b⟩∈r"  "⟨ b,c⟩∈r"  "⟨ c,d⟩∈r"shows "Interval(r,b,c) ⊆ Interval(r,a,d)"proof  fix x assume A3: "x ∈ Interval(r, b, c)"  note A1  moreover from A2 A3 have "⟨ a,b⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ b,x⟩ ∈ r" using Order_ZF_2_L1A    by simp  ultimately have T1: "⟨ a,x⟩ ∈ r" by (rule Fol1_L3)  note A1  moreover from A2 A3 have "⟨ x,c⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ c,d⟩ ∈ r" using Order_ZF_2_L1A    by simp  ultimately have "⟨ x,d⟩ ∈ r" by (rule Fol1_L3)  with T1 show "x ∈ Interval(r,a,d)" using Order_ZF_2_L1B    by simpqedtext{*For reflexive and antisymmetric relations the interval with equal   endpoints consists only of that endpoint.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L4:   assumes A1: "refl(X,r)" and A2: "antisym(r)" and A3: "a∈X"  shows "Interval(r,a,a) = {a}"proof  from A1 A3 have "⟨ a,a⟩ ∈ r" using refl_def by simp  with A1 A3 show "{a} ⊆ Interval(r,a,a)" using Order_ZF_2_L2 by simp  from A2 show "Interval(r,a,a) ⊆ {a}" using Order_ZF_2_L1A Fol1_L4    by fastqedtext{*For transitive relations the endpoints have to be in the relation for  the interval to be nonempty.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L5: assumes A1: "trans(r)" and A2: "⟨ a,b⟩ ∉ r"  shows "Interval(r,a,b) = 0"proof -  { assume "Interval(r,a,b)≠0" then obtain x where "x ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"    by auto  with A1 A2 have False using Order_ZF_2_L1A Fol1_L3 by fast  } thus ?thesis by autoqedtext{*If a relation is defined on a set, then intervals are subsets of that  set.*}lemma Order_ZF_2_L6: assumes A1: "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "Interval(r,a,b) ⊆ X"  using assms Interval_def by autosection{*Bounded sets*}text{*In this section we consider properties of bounded sets.*}text{*For reflexive relations singletons are bounded.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L1: assumes "refl(X,r)" and "a∈X"  shows "IsBounded({a},r)"  using assms refl_def IsBoundedAbove_def IsBoundedBelow_def    IsBounded_def by autotext{*Sets that are bounded above are contained in the domain of   the relation.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L1A: assumes "r ⊆ X×X"   and "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)"  shows "A⊆X" using assms IsBoundedAbove_def by autotext{*Sets that are bounded below are contained in the domain of   the relation.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L1B: assumes "r ⊆ X×X"   and "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)"  shows "A⊆X" using assms IsBoundedBelow_def by autotext{*For a total relation, the greater of two elements,   as defined above, is indeed greater of any of the two.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L2: assumes "r {is total on} X"  and "x∈X" "y∈X"  shows   "⟨x,GreaterOf(r,x,y)⟩ ∈ r"   "⟨y,GreaterOf(r,x,y)⟩ ∈ r"  "⟨SmallerOf(r,x,y),x⟩ ∈ r"   "⟨SmallerOf(r,x,y),y⟩ ∈ r"  using assms IsTotal_def Order_ZF_1_L1 GreaterOf_def SmallerOf_def  by autotext{*If $A$ is bounded above by $u$, $B$ is bounded above by $w$,  then $A\cup B$ is bounded above by the greater of $u,w$.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L2B:    assumes A1: "r {is total on} X" and A2: "trans(r)"  and A3: "u∈X" "w∈X"   and A4: "∀x∈A. ⟨ x,u⟩ ∈ r" "∀x∈B. ⟨ x,w⟩ ∈ r"  shows "∀x∈A∪B. ⟨x,GreaterOf(r,u,w)⟩ ∈ r"proof  let ?v = "GreaterOf(r,u,w)"  from A1 A3 have T1: "⟨ u,?v⟩ ∈ r" and T2: "⟨ w,?v⟩ ∈ r"    using Order_ZF_3_L2 by auto  fix x assume A5: "x∈A∪B" show "⟨x,?v⟩ ∈ r"  proof -    { assume "x∈A"    with A4 T1 have "⟨ x,u⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ u,?v⟩ ∈ r" by simp    with A2 have "⟨x,?v⟩ ∈ r" by (rule Fol1_L3) }  moreover  { assume "x∉A"     with A5 A4 T2 have "⟨ x,w⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ w,?v⟩ ∈ r" by simp    with A2 have "⟨x,?v⟩ ∈ r" by (rule Fol1_L3) }  ultimately show ?thesis by auto  qedqedtext{*For total and transitive relation the union of two sets bounded   above is bounded above.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L3:   assumes A1: "r {is total on} X" and A2: "trans(r)"  and A3: "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)" "IsBoundedAbove(B,r)"  and A4: "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "IsBoundedAbove(A∪B,r)"proof -  { assume "A=0 ∨ B=0"     with A3 have "IsBoundedAbove(A∪B,r)" by auto }  moreover  { assume "¬ (A = 0 ∨ B = 0)"    then have T1: "A≠0" "B≠0" by auto    with A3 obtain u w where D1: "∀x∈A. ⟨ x,u⟩ ∈ r" "∀x∈B. ⟨ x,w⟩ ∈ r"      using IsBoundedAbove_def by auto    let ?U = "GreaterOf(r,u,w)"    from T1 A4 D1 have "u∈X" "w∈X" by auto    with A1 A2 D1 have "∀x∈A∪B.⟨ x,?U⟩ ∈ r"      using Order_ZF_3_L2B by blast    then have "IsBoundedAbove(A∪B,r)"      using IsBoundedAbove_def by auto }  ultimately show ?thesis by autoqed  text{*For total and transitive relations if a set $A$ is bounded above then   $A\cup \{a\}$ is bounded above.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L4:   assumes A1: "r {is total on} X" and A2: "trans(r)"  and A3: "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)" and A4: "a∈X" and A5: "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "IsBoundedAbove(A∪{a},r)"proof -  from A1 have "refl(X,r)"    using total_is_refl by simp  with assms show ?thesis using    Order_ZF_3_L1 IsBounded_def Order_ZF_3_L3 by simpqedtext{*If $A$ is bounded below by $l$, $B$ is bounded below by $m$,  then $A\cup B$ is bounded below by the smaller of $u,w$.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L5B:    assumes A1: "r {is total on} X" and A2: "trans(r)"  and A3: "l∈X" "m∈X"   and A4: "∀x∈A. ⟨ l,x⟩ ∈ r" "∀x∈B. ⟨ m,x⟩ ∈ r"  shows "∀x∈A∪B. ⟨SmallerOf(r,l,m),x⟩ ∈ r"proof  let ?k = "SmallerOf(r,l,m)"  from A1 A3 have T1: "⟨ ?k,l⟩ ∈ r" and T2: "⟨ ?k,m⟩ ∈ r"    using Order_ZF_3_L2 by auto  fix x assume A5: "x∈A∪B" show "⟨?k,x⟩ ∈ r"  proof -    { assume "x∈A"      with A4 T1 have "⟨ ?k,l⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ l,x⟩ ∈ r" by simp      with A2 have "⟨?k,x⟩ ∈ r" by (rule Fol1_L3) }    moreover    { assume "x∉A"       with A5 A4 T2 have "⟨ ?k,m⟩ ∈ r ∧ ⟨ m,x⟩ ∈ r" by simp      with A2 have "⟨?k,x⟩ ∈ r" by (rule Fol1_L3) }    ultimately show ?thesis by auto  qedqedtext{*For total and transitive relation the union of two sets bounded   below is bounded below.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L6:   assumes A1: "r {is total on} X" and A2: "trans(r)"  and A3: "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)" "IsBoundedBelow(B,r)"  and A4: "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "IsBoundedBelow(A∪B,r)"proof -  { assume "A=0 ∨ B=0"     with A3 have ?thesis by auto }  moreover  { assume "¬ (A = 0 ∨ B = 0)"    then have T1: "A≠0" "B≠0" by auto    with A3 obtain l m where D1: "∀x∈A. ⟨ l,x⟩ ∈ r" "∀x∈B. ⟨ m,x⟩ ∈ r"      using IsBoundedBelow_def by auto    let ?L = "SmallerOf(r,l,m)"    from T1 A4 D1 have T1: "l∈X" "m∈X" by auto    with A1 A2 D1 have "∀x∈A∪B.⟨ ?L,x⟩ ∈ r"      using Order_ZF_3_L5B by blast    then have "IsBoundedBelow(A∪B,r)"      using IsBoundedBelow_def by auto }  ultimately show ?thesis by autoqedtext{*For total and transitive relations if a set $A$ is bounded below then   $A\cup \{a\}$ is bounded below.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L7:  assumes A1: "r {is total on} X" and A2: "trans(r)"  and A3: "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)" and A4: "a∈X" and A5: "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "IsBoundedBelow(A∪{a},r)"proof -  from A1 have "refl(X,r)"    using total_is_refl by simp  with assms show ?thesis using    Order_ZF_3_L1 IsBounded_def Order_ZF_3_L6 by simpqedtext{*For total and transitive relations unions of two bounded sets are   bounded.*}theorem Order_ZF_3_T1:   assumes "r {is total on} X" and "trans(r)"   and "IsBounded(A,r)" "IsBounded(B,r)"  and "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "IsBounded(A∪B,r)"  using assms Order_ZF_3_L3 Order_ZF_3_L6 Order_ZF_3_L7 IsBounded_def  by simptext{*For total and transitive relations if a set $A$ is bounded then   $A\cup \{a\}$ is bounded.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L8:   assumes "r {is total on} X" and "trans(r)"  and "IsBounded(A,r)" and "a∈X" and "r ⊆ X×X"  shows "IsBounded(A∪{a},r)"  using assms total_is_refl Order_ZF_3_L1 Order_ZF_3_T1 by blasttext{*A sufficient condition for a set to be bounded below.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L9: assumes A1: "∀a∈A. ⟨l,a⟩ ∈ r"  shows "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)"proof -  from A1 have "∃l. ∀x∈A. ⟨l,x⟩ ∈ r"    by auto  then show "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)"    using IsBoundedBelow_def by simpqedtext{*A sufficient condition for a set to be bounded above.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L10: assumes A1: "∀a∈A. ⟨a,u⟩ ∈ r"  shows "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)"proof -  from A1 have "∃u. ∀x∈A. ⟨x,u⟩ ∈ r"    by auto  then show "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)"    using IsBoundedAbove_def by simpqedtext{*Intervals are bounded. *}(*proof that uses Order_ZF_3_L9 and Order_ZF_3_L10 and is not shorter *)lemma Order_ZF_3_L11: shows   "IsBoundedAbove(Interval(r,a,b),r)"  "IsBoundedBelow(Interval(r,a,b),r)"  "IsBounded(Interval(r,a,b),r)"proof -  { fix x assume "x ∈ Interval(r,a,b)"     then have "⟨ x,b⟩ ∈ r"  "⟨ a,x⟩ ∈ r"       using Order_ZF_2_L1A by auto  } then have       "∃u. ∀x∈Interval(r,a,b). ⟨ x,u⟩ ∈ r"       "∃l. ∀x∈Interval(r,a,b). ⟨ l,x⟩ ∈ r"    by auto  then show     "IsBoundedAbove(Interval(r,a,b),r)"    "IsBoundedBelow(Interval(r,a,b),r)"    "IsBounded(Interval(r,a,b),r)"    using IsBoundedAbove_def IsBoundedBelow_def IsBounded_def    by autoqedtext{*A subset of a set that is bounded below is bounded below.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L12: assumes A1: "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)" and A2: "B⊆A"  shows "IsBoundedBelow(B,r)"proof -  { assume "A = 0"    with assms have "IsBoundedBelow(B,r)"       using IsBoundedBelow_def by auto }  moreover  { assume "A ≠ 0"    with A1 have "∃l. ∀x∈A. ⟨l,x⟩ ∈ r"      using IsBoundedBelow_def by simp    with A2 have "∃l.∀x∈B. ⟨l,x⟩ ∈ r" by auto    then have "IsBoundedBelow(B,r)" using IsBoundedBelow_def      by auto }  ultimately show "IsBoundedBelow(B,r)" by autoqedtext{*A subset of a set that is bounded above is bounded above.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L13: assumes A1: "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)" and A2: "B⊆A"  shows "IsBoundedAbove(B,r)"proof -  { assume "A = 0"    with assms have "IsBoundedAbove(B,r)"       using IsBoundedAbove_def by auto }  moreover  { assume "A ≠ 0"    with A1 have "∃u. ∀x∈A. ⟨x,u⟩ ∈ r"      using IsBoundedAbove_def by simp    with A2 have "∃u.∀x∈B. ⟨x,u⟩ ∈ r" by auto    then have "IsBoundedAbove(B,r)" using IsBoundedAbove_def      by auto }  ultimately show "IsBoundedAbove(B,r)" by autoqedtext{*If for every element of $X$ we can find one in $A$   that is greater, then the $A$ can not be bounded above.  Works for relations that are total, transitive and antisymmetric,  (i.e. for linear order relations).*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L14:    assumes A1: "r {is total on} X"   and A2: "trans(r)" and A3: "antisym(r)"  and A4: "r ⊆ X×X" and A5: "X≠0"   and A6: "∀x∈X. ∃a∈A. x≠a ∧ ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r"  shows "¬IsBoundedAbove(A,r)"proof -  { from A5 A6 have I: "A≠0" by auto    moreover assume "IsBoundedAbove(A,r)"    ultimately obtain u where II: "∀x∈A. ⟨ x,u⟩ ∈ r"      using IsBounded_def IsBoundedAbove_def by auto    with A4 I have "u∈X" by auto    with A6 obtain b where "b∈A" and III: "u≠b" and "⟨u,b⟩ ∈ r"      by auto    with II have "⟨b,u⟩ ∈ r"  "⟨u,b⟩ ∈ r" by auto    with A3 have "b=u" by (rule Fol1_L4)    with III have False by simp  } thus "¬IsBoundedAbove(A,r)" by autoqedtext{*The set of elements in a set $A$ that are nongreater than   a given element is bounded above.*}lemma Order_ZF_3_L15: shows "IsBoundedAbove({x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r},r)"  using IsBoundedAbove_def by autotext{*If $A$ is bounded below, then the set of elements in a set $A$   that are nongreater than a given element is bounded. *}lemma Order_ZF_3_L16: assumes A1: "IsBoundedBelow(A,r)"  shows "IsBounded({x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r},r)"proof -  { assume "A=0"     then have "IsBounded({x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r},r)"      using IsBoundedBelow_def IsBoundedAbove_def IsBounded_def      by auto }  moreover  { assume "A≠0"    with A1 obtain l where I: "∀x∈A. ⟨l,x⟩ ∈ r"      using IsBoundedBelow_def by auto    then have "∀y∈{x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r}. ⟨l,y⟩ ∈ r" by simp    then have "IsBoundedBelow({x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r},r)"      by (rule Order_ZF_3_L9)    then have "IsBounded({x∈A. ⟨x,a⟩ ∈ r},r)"       using Order_ZF_3_L15 IsBounded_def by simp }  ultimately show ?thesis by blast;qedend