\initial {#}
\entry {\code {#define}, preprocessor directive}{39}
\entry {\code {#elif}, preprocessor directive}{110}
\entry {\code {#else}, preprocessor directive}{110}
\entry {\code {#if}, preprocessor directive}{32}
\entry {\code {#ifdef}, preprocessor directive}{39}
\entry {\code {#include}, preprocessor directive}{10}
\initial {$}
\entry {\code {$}, shell prompt}{5}
\initial {-}
\entry {\option {--help} option, display command-line options}{85}
\entry {\option {--version} option, display version number}{85}
\entry {\option {-ansi} option, disable language extensions}{28}
\entry {\option {-ansi} option, used with \code {g++}}{63}
\entry {\option {-c} option, compile to object file}{11}
\entry {\option {-D} option, define macro}{39}
\entry {\option {-dM} option, list predefined macros}{40}
\entry {\option {-E} option, preprocess source files}{42}
\entry {\option {-fno-default-inline} option}{65}
\entry {\option {-fno-implicit-templates} option, disable implicit instantiation}{70}
\entry {\option {-fprofile-arcs} option, instrument branches}{98}
\entry {\option {-fsigned-bitfields} option}{83}
\entry {\option {-fsigned-char} option}{81}
\entry {\option {-ftest-coverage} option, record coverage}{98}
\entry {\option {-funroll-loops} option, optimization by loop unrolling}{57}
\entry {\option {-funsigned-bitfields} option}{83}
\entry {\option {-funsigned-char} option}{81}
\entry {\option {-g} option, enable debugging}{45}
\entry {\option {-I} option, include path}{21}
\entry {\option {-L} option, library search path}{21}
\entry {\option {-l} option, linking with libraries}{17}
\entry {\option {-lm} option, link with math library}{17}
\entry {\option {-m} option, platform-specific settings}{73}
\entry {\option {-m32} and \option {-m64} options, compile for 32 or 64-bit environment}{76}
\entry {\option {-maltivec} option, enables use of Altivec processor on PowerPC}{76}
\entry {\option {-march} option, compile for specific CPU}{73}
\entry {\option {-mcmodel} option, for AMD64}{74}
\entry {\option {-mcpu} option, compile for specific CPU}{76}
\entry {\option {-mfpmath} option, for floating-point arithmetic}{74}
\entry {\option {-mieee} option, floating-point support on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {\option {-mminimal-toc} option, on AIX}{77}
\entry {\option {-mno-fused-madd} option, on PowerPC}{76}
\entry {\option {-msse} and related options}{74}
\entry {\option {-mtune} option}{73}
\entry {\option {-mxl-call} option, compatibility with IBM XL compilers on AIX}{77}
\entry {\option {-o} option, set output filename}{7}
\entry {\option {-O0} option, optimization level zero}{56}
\entry {\option {-O1} option, optimization level one}{56}
\entry {\option {-O2} option, optimization level two}{56}
\entry {\option {-O3} option, optimization level three}{57}
\entry {\option {-Os} option, optimization for size}{57}
\entry {\option {-pedantic} option, conform to the ANSI standard (with \option {-ansi})}{28}
\entry {\option {-pg} option, enable profiling}{97}
\entry {\option {-pthread} option, on AIX}{77}
\entry {\option {-rpath} option, set run-time shared library search path}{26}
\entry {\option {-S} option, create assembly code}{102}
\entry {\option {-save-temps} option, keeps intermediate files}{43}
\entry {\option {-static} option, force static linking}{27}
\entry {\option {-std} option, select specific language standard}{28, 31}
\entry {\option {-v} option, verbose compilation}{85}
\entry {\option {-W} option, enable additional warnings}{34}
\entry {\option {-Wall} option, enable common warnings}{7}
\entry {\option {-Wcast-qual} option, warn about casts removing qualifiers}{36}
\entry {\option {-Wcomment} option, warn about nested comments}{32}
\entry {\option {-Wconversion} option, warn about type conversions}{34}
\entry {\option {-Weffc++} option}{65}
\entry {\option {-Werror} option, convert warnings to errors}{37}
\entry {\option {-Wformat} option, warn about incorrect format strings}{32}
\entry {\option {-Wimplicit} option, warn about missing declarations}{32}
\entry {\option {-Wold-style-cast} option}{65}
\entry {\option {-Wreturn-type} option, warn about incorrect return types}{33}
\entry {\option {-Wshadow} option, warn about shadowed variables}{35}
\entry {\option {-Wtraditional} option, warn about traditional C}{37}
\entry {\option {-Wuninitialized} option, warn about uninitialized variables}{60}
\entry {\option {-Wunused} option, unused variable warning}{32}
\entry {\option {-Wwrite-strings} option, warning for modified string constants}{37}
\initial {.}
\entry {\code {.a}, archive file extension}{15}
\entry {\code {.c}, C source file extension}{7}
\entry {\code {.cc}, C++ file extension}{63}
\entry {\code {.cpp}, C++ file extension}{63}
\entry {\code {.cxx}, C++ file extension}{63}
\entry {\code {.h}, header file extension}{9}
\entry {\code {.i}, preprocessed file extension for C}{102}
\entry {\code {.ii}, preprocessed file extension for C++}{102}
\entry {\code {.o}, object file extension}{11}
\entry {\code {.s}, assembly file extension}{102}
\entry {\code {.so}, shared object file extension}{25}
\initial {/}
\entry {\file {/tmp} directory, temporary files}{16}
\initial {_}
\entry {\code {__gxx_personality_v0}, undefined reference error}{64}
\entry {\code {_GNU_SOURCE} macro, enables extensions to GNU C Library}{30}
\initial {6}
\entry {64-bit platforms, additional library directories}{21}
\entry {64-bit processor-specific options, AMD64 and Intel}{74}
\initial {A}
\entry {\code {a}, archive file extension}{15}
\entry {\code {a.out}, default executable filename}{7}
\entry {ADA, \code {gnat} compiler}{3}
\entry {additional warning options}{33}
\entry {AIX, compatibility with IBM XL compilers}{77}
\entry {AIX, platform-specific options}{76}
\entry {AIX, TOC overflow error}{77}
\entry {Alpha, platform-specific options}{75}
\entry {Altivec, on PowerPC}{76}
\entry {AMD x86, platform-specific options}{73}
\entry {AMD64, 64-bit processor specific options}{74}
\entry {\option {ansi} option, disable language extensions}{28}
\entry {\option {ansi} option, used with \code {g++}}{63}
\entry {ANSI standards for C/C++ languages, available as books}{126}
\entry {ANSI/ISO C, compared with GNU C extensions}{28}
\entry {ANSI/ISO C, controlled with \option {-ansi} option}{28}
\entry {ANSI/ISO C, pedantic diagnostics option}{30}
\entry {\code {ar}, GNU archiver}{15, 93}
\entry {archive file, \code {.a} extension}{15}
\entry {archive file, explanation of}{15}
\entry {archiver, \code {ar}}{101}
\entry {arithmetic, floating-point}{78}
\entry {ARM, multi-architecture support}{77}
\entry {arrays, variable-size}{30}
\entry {\code {asm} extension keyword}{29, 78}
\entry {assembler, \code {as}}{101}
\entry {assembler, converting assembly language to machine code}{103}
\entry {assignment discards qualifiers}{118}
\entry {assignment of read-only location}{118}
\entry {Athlon, platform-specific options}{73}
\entry {\code {attach}, debug running program}{89}
\initial {B}
\entry {\code {backtrace}, debugger command}{48}
\entry {backtrace, displaying}{48}
\entry {\code {bash} profile file}{47}
\entry {\code {bash} profile file, login settings}{23, 27}
\entry {benchmarking, with \code {time} command}{58}
\entry {big-endian, word-ordering}{105}
\entry {binary file, also called executable file}{7}
\entry {Binutils, GNU Binary Tools}{106}
\entry {bitfields, portability of signed vs unsigned}{83}
\entry {bits, 32 vs 64 on UltraSPARC}{76}
\entry {books, further reading}{126}
\entry {branches, instrumenting for coverage testing}{98}
\entry {\code {break}, command in \code {gdb}}{48}
\entry {breakpoints, defined}{48}
\entry {BSD extensions, GNU C Library}{30}
\entry {buffer, template example}{68}
\entry {bug, example of}{9, 18, 46}
\entry {bus error}{120}
\initial {C}
\entry {C include path}{23}
\entry {C language, dialects of}{28}
\entry {C language, further reading}{126}
\entry {C library, standard}{15, 126}
\entry {C math library}{15}
\entry {\option {c} option, compile to object file}{11}
\entry {C programs, recompiling after modification}{12}
\entry {C source file, \code {.c} extension}{7}
\entry {C standard library}{15}
\entry {C++ include path}{23}
\entry {C++, compiling a simple program with \code {g++}}{63}
\entry {C++, creating libraries with explicit instantiation}{71}
\entry {C++, file extensions}{63}
\entry {C++, \code {g++} as a true compiler}{63}
\entry {C++, \code {g++} compiler}{3}
\entry {C++, instantiation of templates}{68}
\entry {C++, namespace \code {std}}{66}
\entry {C++, standard library}{66, 67}
\entry {C++, standard library templates}{67}
\entry {C++, templates}{66}
\entry {\code {c}, C source file extension}{7}
\entry {C, compiling with \code {gcc}}{7}
\entry {C, \code {gcc} compiler}{3}
\entry {C/C++ languages, standards in printed form}{126}
\entry {C/C++, risks of using}{5, 9, 19, 60}
\entry {\env {C_INCLUDE_PATH}}{23}
\entry {\code {c89}/\code {c99}, selected with \option {-std}}{31}
\entry {cannot find \var {library} error}{21, 23}
\entry {cannot open shared object file}{25, 120}
\entry {cast discards qualifiers from pointer target type}{118}
\entry {casts, used to avoid conversion warnings}{35}
\entry {\code {cc}, C++ file extension}{63}
\entry {\code {CC}, make variable}{14}
\entry {\code {CFLAGS}, make variable}{14}
\entry {\code {char}, portability of signed vs unsigned}{80}
\entry {character constant too long}{113}
\entry {circular buffer, template example}{68}
\entry {COFF format}{105}
\entry {Collatz sequence}{95}
\entry {collect2: ld returned 1 exit status}{119}
\entry {combined multiply and add instruction}{76}
\entry {command, in makefile}{13}
\entry {command-line help option}{85}
\entry {\option {comment} warning option, warn about nested comments}{32}
\entry {comments, nested}{32}
\entry {commercial support}{123}
\entry {common error messages}{109}
\entry {common errors, not included with \option {-Wall}}{34}
\entry {common subexpression elimination, optimization}{51}
\entry {comparison of expression always true/false warning}{34}
\entry {compilation, for debugging}{45}
\entry {compilation, internal stages of}{101}
\entry {compilation, model for templates}{68}
\entry {compilation, options}{21}
\entry {compilation, stopping on warning}{37}
\entry {compile to object file, \option {-c} option}{11}
\entry {compiled files, examining}{105}
\entry {compiler, converting source code to assembly code}{102}
\entry {compiler, error messages}{110}
\entry {compiler, how it works internally}{101}
\entry {compiler-related tools}{93}
\entry {compiling C programs with \code {gcc}}{7}
\entry {compiling C++ programs with \code {g++}}{63}
\entry {compiling files independently}{11}
\entry {compiling multiple files}{9}
\entry {compiling with optimization}{51}
\entry {configuration files for GCC}{86}
\entry {\code {const}, warning about overriding by casts}{36}
\entry {constant strings, compile-time warnings}{37}
\entry {\code {continue}, command in \code {gdb}}{50}
\entry {control reaches end of non-void function}{116}
\entry {control-C, interrupt}{89}
\entry {conventions, used in manual}{5}
\entry {conversions between types, warning of}{34}
\entry {core file, examining}{45, 47}
\entry {core file, not produced}{46}
\entry {coverage testing, with \code {gcov}}{98}
\entry {\env {CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH}}{23}
\entry {\code {cpp}, C preprocessor}{39}
\entry {\code {cpp}, C++ file extension}{63}
\entry {\code {CPPFLAGS}, make variable}{14}
\entry {\option {cr} option, create/replace archive files}{94}
\entry {crashes, saved in core file}{45}
\entry {creating executable files from object files}{12}
\entry {creating object files from source files}{11}
\entry {\code {cxx}, C++ file extension}{63}
\entry {\code {CXX}, make variable}{14}
\entry {\code {CXXFLAGS}, make variable}{14}
\initial {D}
\entry {\option {D} option, define macro}{39}
\entry {data-flow analysis}{60}
\entry {DBM file, created with \code {gdbm}}{22}
\entry {debugging, compilation flags}{45}
\entry {debugging, with \code {gdb}}{45}
\entry {debugging, with optimization}{59}
\entry {DEC Alpha, platform-specific options}{75}
\entry {declaration, in header file}{9}
\entry {declaration, missing}{18}
\entry {default directories, linking and header files}{21}
\entry {default executable filename, \code {a.out}}{7}
\entry {default value, of macro defined with \option {-D}}{42}
\entry {defining macros}{39}
\entry {denormalized numbers, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {dependencies, of shared libraries}{107}
\entry {dependency, in makefile}{13}
\entry {deployment, options for}{45, 56, 59}
\entry {dereferencing pointer to incomplete type}{114}
\entry {dereferencing, null pointer}{46}
\entry {dialects of C language}{28}
\entry {different type arg, format warning}{8}
\entry {disk space, reduced usage by shared libraries}{26}
\entry {displaying a backtrace}{48}
\entry {division by zero}{75}
\entry {DLL (dynamically linked library), see shared libraries}{25}
\entry {\option {dM} option, list predefined macros}{40}
\entry {dollar sign \code {$}, shell prompt}{5}
\entry {double precision}{78}
\entry {dynamic loader}{26}
\entry {dynamically linked libraries, examining with \code {ldd}}{107}
\entry {dynamically linked library, see shared libraries}{25}
\initial {E}
\entry {\option {E} option, preprocess source files}{42}
\entry {\option {effc++} warning option}{65}
\entry {EGCS (Experimental GNU Compiler Suite)}{3}
\entry {ELF format}{105}
\entry {elimination, of common subexpressions}{51}
\entry {Emacs, \code {gdb} mode}{50}
\entry {embedded systems, cross-compilation for}{4}
\entry {empty macro, compared with undefined macro}{42}
\entry {empty \code {return}, incorrect use of}{33}
\entry {enable profiling, \option {-pg} option}{97}
\entry {endianness, word-ordering}{105}
\entry {enhancements, to GCC}{123}
\entry {environment variables}{6, 26}
\entry {environment variables, extending an existing path}{27}
\entry {environment variables, for default search paths}{23}
\entry {environment variables, setting permanently}{27}
\entry {error messages, common examples}{109}
\entry {error while loading shared libraries}{25, 120}
\entry {error, undefined reference due to library link order}{17}
\entry {examining compiled files}{105}
\entry {examining core files}{45}
\entry {examples, conventions used in}{5}
\entry {exception handling, floating-point}{79}
\entry {executable file}{7}
\entry {executable, creating from object files by linking}{12}
\entry {executable, default filename \code {a.out}}{7}
\entry {executable, examining with \code {file} command}{105}
\entry {executable, running}{8}
\entry {executable, symbol table stored in}{45}
\entry {exit code, displayed in \code {gdb}}{50}
\entry {explicit instantiation of templates}{70}
\entry {\code {export} keyword, not supported in GCC}{71}
\entry {extended precision, x86 processors}{78}
\entry {extended search paths, for include and link directories}{24}
\entry {extension, \code {.a} archive file}{15}
\entry {extension, \code {.c} source file}{7}
\entry {extension, \code {.C}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {extension, \code {.cc}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {extension, \code {.cpp}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {extension, \code {.cxx}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {extension, \code {.h} header file}{9}
\entry {extension, \code {.i} preprocessed file}{102}
\entry {extension, \code {.ii} preprocessed file}{102}
\entry {extension, \code {.o} object file}{11}
\entry {extension, \code {.s} assembly file}{102}
\entry {extension, \code {.so} shared object file}{25}
\entry {external libraries, linking with}{15}
\initial {F}
\entry {feature test macros, GNU C Library}{30}
\entry {features, of GCC}{4}
\entry {\code {file} command, for identifying files}{105}
\entry {file extension, \code {.a} archive file}{15}
\entry {file extension, \code {.c} source file}{7}
\entry {file extension, \code {.C}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {file extension, \code {.cc}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {file extension, \code {.cpp}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {file extension, \code {.cxx}, C++ file}{63}
\entry {file extension, \code {.h} header file}{9}
\entry {file extension, \code {.i} preprocessed file}{102}
\entry {file extension, \code {.ii} preprocessed file}{102}
\entry {file extension, \code {.o} object file}{11}
\entry {file extension, \code {.s} assembly file}{102}
\entry {file extension, \code {.so} shared object file}{25}
\entry {file format not recognized}{119}
\entry {file not recognized}{119}
\entry {\code {finish}, command in \code {gdb}}{50}
\entry {\code {fldcw} set floating point mode}{78}
\entry {floating point arithmetic, with SSE extensions}{74}
\entry {floating point exception}{121}
\entry {floating point exception handling}{79}
\entry {floating point exception, on DEC Alpha}{76}
\entry {floating point, portability problems}{78}
\entry {\option {fno-default-inline} option}{65}
\entry {\option {fno-implicit-templates} option, disable implicit instantiation}{70}
\entry {format strings, incorrect usage warning}{32}
\entry {format, different type arg warning}{8}
\entry {Fortran, \code {g77} compiler}{3}
\entry {\option {fpmath} option, for floating-point arithmetic}{74}
\entry {\option {fprofile-arcs} option, instrument branches}{98}
\entry {Free Software Foundation (FSF)}{3}
\entry {FreeBSD, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {\option {ftest-coverage} option, record coverage}{98}
\entry {function inlining, example of optimization}{52}
\entry {function-call overhead}{52}
\entry {\option {funroll-loops} option, optimization by loop unrolling}{57}
\entry {fused multiply and add instruction}{76}
\initial {G}
\entry {\option {g} option, enable debugging}{45}
\entry {\code {g++}, compiling C++ programs}{63}
\entry {\code {g++}, GNU C++ Compiler}{3}
\entry {\code {g77}, Fortran compiler}{3}
\entry {\code {gcc}, GNU C Compiler}{3}
\entry {\code {gcc}, simple example}{7}
\entry {\code {gcc}, used inconsistently with \code {g++}}{64}
\entry {\code {gcj}, GNU Compiler for Java}{3}
\entry {\code {gcov}, GNU coverage testing tool}{98}
\entry {\code {gdb}}{45}
\entry {\code {gdb}, debugging core file with}{47}
\entry {\code {gdb}, Emacs mode}{50}
\entry {\code {gdb}, graphical interface}{50}
\entry {\code {gdbm}, GNU DBM library}{22}
\entry {generic programming, in C++}{66}
\entry {getting help}{123}
\entry {\code {gmon.out}, data file for \code {gprof}}{97}
\entry {\code {gnat}, GNU ADA compiler}{3}
\entry {GNU archiver, \code {ar}}{15}
\entry {GNU C extensions, compared with ANSI/ISO C}{28}
\entry {GNU C Library Reference Manual}{125}
\entry {GNU C Library, feature test macros}{30}
\entry {GNU Compilers, major features}{4}
\entry {GNU Compilers, Reference Manual}{125}
\entry {GNU debugger, \code {gdb}}{45}
\entry {GNU GDB Manual}{125}
\entry {GNU Make}{13}
\entry {GNU Make Manual}{125}
\entry {GNU Press, manuals}{125}
\entry {GNU Project, history of}{3}
\entry {GNU/Linux, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {\code {GNU_SOURCE} macro (\code {_GNU_SOURCE}), enables extensions to GNU C Library}{30}
\entry {\code {gnu89}/\code {gnu99}, selected with \option {-std}}{31}
\entry {\code {gprof}, GNU Profiler}{95}
\entry {gradual underflow, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {\code {gxx_personality_v0}, undefined reference error}{64}
\initial {H}
\entry {\code {h}, header file extension}{9}
\entry {header file, \code {.h} extension}{9}
\entry {header file, declarations in}{9}
\entry {header file, default directories}{21}
\entry {header file, include path---extending with \option {-I}}{21}
\entry {header file, missing}{18}
\entry {header file, missing header causes implicit declaration}{19}
\entry {header file, not compiled}{12}
\entry {header file, not found}{21}
\entry {header file, with include guards}{69}
\entry {header file, without \code {.h} extension for C++}{66}
\entry {Hello World program, in C}{7}
\entry {Hello World program, in C++}{63}
\entry {help options}{85}
\entry {history, of GCC}{3}
\initial {I}
\entry {\option {I} option, include path}{21}
\entry {\code {i}, preprocessed file extension for C}{102}
\entry {IBM XL compilers, compatibility on AIX}{77}
\entry {identifying files, with \code {file} command}{105}
\entry {IEEE arithmetic}{78}
\entry {IEEE arithmetic standard, printed form}{126}
\entry {IEEE options, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {IEEE-754 standard}{126}
\entry {\code {ii}, preprocessed file extension for C++}{102}
\entry {illegal instruction error}{74, 121}
\entry {implicit declaration of function}{19, 32, 112}
\entry {implicit rules, in makefile}{14}
\entry {include guards, in header file}{69}
\entry {include nested too deeply}{109}
\entry {include path, extending with \option {-I}}{21}
\entry {include path, setting with environment variables}{23}
\entry {inclusion compilation model, in C++}{68}
\entry {independent compilation of files}{11}
\entry {Inf, infinity, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {infinite loop, stopping}{89}
\entry {initialization discards qualifiers}{118}
\entry {initialization makes integer from pointer without a cast}{114}
\entry {initializer element is not a constant}{118}
\entry {inlining, example of optimization}{52}
\entry {Insight, graphical interface for \code {gdb}}{50}
\entry {instantiation, explicit vs implicit in C++}{70}
\entry {instantiation, of templates in C++}{68}
\entry {instruction scheduling, optimization}{55}
\entry {instrumented executable, for coverage testing}{98}
\entry {instrumented executable, for profiling}{97}
\entry {Intel x86, platform-specific options}{73}
\entry {intermediate files, keeping}{43}
\entry {invalid preprocessing directive}{110}
\entry {ISO C++, controlled with \option {-ansi} option}{63}
\entry {ISO C, compared with GNU C extensions}{28}
\entry {ISO C, controlled with \option {-ansi} option}{28}
\entry {ISO standards for C/C++ languages, available as books}{126}
\entry {\code {iso9899:1990}/\code {iso9899:1999}, selected with \option {-std}}{31}
\entry {Itanium, multi-architecture support}{77}
\initial {J}
\entry {Java, compared with C/C++}{5}
\entry {Java, \code {gcj} compiler}{3}
\initial {K}
\entry {K&R dialect of C, warnings of different behavior}{37}
\entry {kernel mode, on AMD64}{75}
\entry {Kernighan and Ritchie, \cite {The C Programming Language}}{126}
\entry {key-value pairs, stored with GDBM}{22}
\entry {keywords, additional in GNU C}{29}
\initial {L}
\entry {\option {L} option, library search path}{21}
\entry {\option {l} option, linking with libraries}{17}
\entry {language standards, selecting with \option {-std}}{31}
\entry {ld returned 1 exit status}{119}
\entry {\code {ld.so.conf}, loader configuration file}{27}
\entry {ld: cannot find library error}{21}
\entry {\env {LD_LIBRARY_PATH}, shared library load path}{26}
\entry {\code {ldd}, dynamical loader}{107}
\entry {levels of optimization}{56}
\entry {libraries, creating with \code {ar}}{93}
\entry {libraries, creating with explicit instantiation in C++}{71}
\entry {libraries, error while loading shared library}{25}
\entry {libraries, extending search path with \option {-L}}{21}
\entry {libraries, finding shared library dependencies}{107}
\entry {libraries, link error due to undefined reference}{16}
\entry {libraries, link order}{17, 18}
\entry {libraries, linking with}{15, 17}
\entry {libraries, on 64-bit platforms}{21}
\entry {libraries, stored in archive files}{15}
\entry {library header files, using}{18}
\entry {library, C math library}{15}
\entry {library, C standard library}{15}
\entry {library, C++ standard library}{66}
\entry {\code {libstdc++}, C++ standard library}{67}
\entry {line numbers, recorded in preprocessed files}{42}
\entry {link error, cannot find library}{21}
\entry {link order, from left to right}{17}
\entry {link order, of libraries}{17}
\entry {link path, setting with environment variable}{24}
\entry {linker, error messages}{119}
\entry {linker, GNU compared with other linkers}{69}
\entry {linker, initial description}{12}
\entry {linker, \code {ld}}{101, 103}
\entry {linking, creating executable files from object files}{12}
\entry {linking, default directories}{21}
\entry {linking, dynamic (shared libraries)}{26}
\entry {linking, explanation of}{11}
\entry {linking, undefined reference error due to library link order}{17}
\entry {linking, updated object files}{13}
\entry {linking, with external libraries}{15}
\entry {linking, with library using \option {-l}}{17}
\entry {Linux kernel, floating-point}{78}
\entry {Lisp, compared with C/C++}{5}
\entry {little-endian, word-ordering}{105}
\entry {loader configuration file, \code {ld.so.conf}}{27}
\entry {loader function}{26}
\entry {login file, setting environment variables in}{27}
\entry {long double arithmetic}{80}
\entry {loop unrolling, optimization}{54, 57}
\entry {LSB, least significant byte}{105}
\initial {M}
\entry {\option {m} option, platform-specific settings}{73}
\entry {\option {m32} and \option {m64} options, compile for 32 or 64-bit environment}{76}
\entry {machine code}{7}
\entry {machine instruction, \code {asm} keyword}{78}
\entry {machine-specific options}{73}
\entry {macro or '#include' recursion too deep}{109}
\entry {macros, default value of}{42}
\entry {macros, defined with value}{40}
\entry {macros, defining in preprocessor}{39}
\entry {macros, predefined}{40}
\entry {major features, of GCC}{4}
\entry {major version number, of GCC}{85}
\entry {makefile, example of}{13}
\entry {\option {maltivec} option, enables use of Altivec processor on PowerPC}{76}
\entry {manuals, for GNU software}{125}
\entry {\option {march} option, compile for specific CPU}{73}
\entry {math library}{15}
\entry {math library, linking with \option {-lm}}{17}
\entry {\option {mcmodel} option, for AMD64}{74}
\entry {\option {mcpu} option, compile for specific CPU}{76}
\entry {memory usage, limiting}{90}
\entry {\option {mfpmath} option, for floating-point arithmetic}{74}
\entry {\option {mieee} option, floating-point support on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {minor version number, of GCC}{85}
\entry {MIPS64, multi-architecture support}{77}
\entry {missing header file, causes implicit declaration}{19}
\entry {missing header files}{18}
\entry {missing prototypes warning}{32}
\entry {\option {mminimal-toc} option, on AIX}{77}
\entry {MMX extensions}{74}
\entry {\option {mno-fused-madd} option, on PowerPC}{76}
\entry {modified source files, recompiling}{12, 13}
\entry {Motorola 680x0, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {Motorola 680x0, word-order}{105}
\entry {MSB, most significant byte}{105}
\entry {\option {msse} and related options}{74}
\entry {\option {mtune} option}{73}
\entry {multi-architecture support, discussion of}{77}
\entry {multiple directories, on include and link paths}{24}
\entry {multiple files, compiling}{9}
\entry {multiple-character character constant}{113}
\entry {multiply and add instruction}{76}
\entry {multiply-defined symbol error, with C++}{69}
\entry {\option {mxl-call} option, compatibility with IBM XL compilers on AIX}{77}
\initial {N}
\entry {namespace \code {std} in C++}{66}
\entry {namespace, reserved prefix for preprocessor}{40}
\entry {NaN, not a number, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {native double-precision processors}{78}
\entry {nested comments, warning of}{32}
\entry {NetBSD, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {\code {next}, command in \code {gdb}}{49}
\entry {\code {nm} command}{106}
\entry {No such file or directory}{109, 120}
\entry {No such file or directory, header file not found}{21, 22}
\entry {\option {no-default-inline} option}{65}
\entry {null pointer}{46, 120}
\entry {numerical differences}{78}
\initial {O}
\entry {\option {O} option, optimization level}{56}
\entry {\option {o} option, set output filename}{7}
\entry {\code {o}, object file extension}{11}
\entry {object file, \code {.o} extension}{11}
\entry {object file, creating from source using option \option {-c}}{11}
\entry {object file, examining with \code {file} command}{105}
\entry {object file, explanation of}{11}
\entry {object files, linking to create executable file}{12}
\entry {object files, relinking}{12}
\entry {object files, temporary}{16}
\entry {Objective-C}{3}
\entry {\option {old-style-cast} warning option}{65}
\entry {OpenBSD, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {optimization for size, \option {-Os}}{57}
\entry {optimization, and compiler warnings}{60}
\entry {optimization, common subexpression elimination}{51}
\entry {optimization, compiling with \option {-O}}{56}
\entry {optimization, example of}{57}
\entry {optimization, explanation of}{51}
\entry {optimization, levels of}{56}
\entry {optimization, loop unrolling}{54, 57}
\entry {optimization, speed-space tradeoffs}{54}
\entry {optimization, with debugging}{59}
\entry {options, compilation}{21}
\entry {options, platform-specific}{73}
\entry {ordering of libraries}{18}
\entry {output file option, \option {-o}}{7}
\entry {overflow error, for TOC on AIX}{77}
\entry {overflow, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {overhead, from function call}{52}
\initial {P}
\entry {parse error}{111}
\entry {parse error at end of input}{111}
\entry {parse error due to language extensions}{29}
\entry {passing arg of function as another type to prototype}{117}
\entry {patch level, of GCC}{85}
\entry {paths, extending environment variable}{27}
\entry {paths, search}{21}
\entry {\option {pedantic} option}{28, 30}
\entry {Pentium, platform-specific options}{73}
\entry {\option {pg} option, enable profiling}{97}
\entry {pipelining, explanation of}{55}
\entry {platform-specific options}{73}
\entry {POSIX extensions, GNU C Library}{30}
\entry {PowerPC and POWER, platform-specific options}{76}
\entry {PowerPC64, multi-architecture support}{77}
\entry {precedence, when using preprocessor}{41}
\entry {predefined macros}{40}
\entry {preprocessed files, keeping}{43}
\entry {preprocessing source files, \option {-E} option}{42}
\entry {preprocessor macros, default value of}{42}
\entry {preprocessor, \code {cpp}}{101}
\entry {preprocessor, error messages}{109}
\entry {preprocessor, first stage of compilation}{102}
\entry {preprocessor, using}{39}
\entry {\code {print} debugger command}{48}
\entry {\code {printf}, example of error in format}{8}
\entry {\code {printf}, incorrect usage warning}{32}
\entry {process id, finding}{89}
\entry {profile file, setting environment variables in}{27}
\entry {profiling, with \code {gprof}}{95}
\entry {program crashes, saved in core file}{45}
\entry {prototypes, missing}{32}
\entry {\option {pthread} option, on AIX}{77}
\initial {Q}
\entry {qualifiers, warning about overriding by casts}{36}
\entry {quotes, for defining empty macro}{42}
\initial {R}
\entry {recompiling modified source files}{12, 13}
\entry {red-zone, on AMD64}{75}
\entry {reference books}{126}
\entry {reference, undefined due to missing library}{16}
\entry {relinking updated object files}{12, 13}
\entry {return discards qualifiers}{118}
\entry {return type, invalid}{33}
\entry {Richard Stallman, principal author of GCC}{3}
\entry {risks, examples of}{5, 9}
\entry {rounding, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {\option {rpath} option, set run-time shared library search path}{26}
\entry {rules, in makefile}{14}
\entry {run-time, measuring with \code {time} command}{58}
\entry {running an executable file, C}{8}
\entry {running an executable file, C++}{63}
\entry {runtime error messages}{120}
\initial {S}
\entry {\option {S} option, create assembly code}{102}
\entry {\code {s}, assembly file extension}{102}
\entry {\option {save-temps} option, keeps intermediate files}{43}
\entry {\code {scanf}, incorrect usage warning}{32, 120}
\entry {scheduling, stage of optimization}{55}
\entry {Scheme, compared with C/C++}{5}
\entry {search paths}{21}
\entry {search paths, example}{22}
\entry {search paths, extended}{24}
\entry {segmentation fault}{46, 120}
\entry {selecting specific language standards, with \option {-std}}{31}
\entry {separator, in makefiles}{14}
\entry {\code {set}, command in \code {gdb}}{49}
\entry {shadowing of variables}{35}
\entry {shared libraries}{25}
\entry {shared libraries, advantages of}{26}
\entry {shared libraries, dependencies}{107}
\entry {shared libraries, error while loading}{25}
\entry {shared libraries, examining with \code {ldd}}{107}
\entry {shared libraries, setting load path}{26}
\entry {shared object file, \code {.so} extension}{25}
\entry {shell prompt}{5}
\entry {shell quoting}{42, 125}
\entry {shell variables}{6, 23, 26}
\entry {shell variables, setting permanently}{27}
\entry {SIGINT signal}{89}
\entry {signed bitfield option}{83}
\entry {signed \code {char} option}{80}
\entry {signed integer, casting}{35}
\entry {signed variable converted to unsigned, warning of}{34}
\entry {SIGQUIT signal}{90}
\entry {simple C program, compiling}{7}
\entry {simple C++ program, compiling}{63}
\entry {size, optimization for, \option {-Os}}{57}
\entry {Smalltalk, compared with C/C++}{5}
\entry {\code {so}, shared object file extension}{25}
\entry {soft underflow, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {source code}{7}
\entry {source files, recompiling}{12}
\entry {source-level optimization}{51}
\entry {space vs speed, tradeoff in optimization}{54}
\entry {SPARC, platform-specific options}{76}
\entry {Sparc64, multi-architecture support}{77}
\entry {\code {specs} directory, compiler configuration files}{86}
\entry {speed-space tradeoffs, in optimization}{54}
\entry {\code {sqrt}, example of linking with}{15}
\entry {SSE extensions}{74}
\entry {SSE/SSE2 precision}{80}
\entry {stack backtrace, displaying}{48}
\entry {stages of compilation, used internally}{101}
\entry {standard library, C}{15}
\entry {standard library, C++}{66}
\entry {Standard Template Library (STL)}{67}
\entry {standards, C, C++ and IEEE arithmetic}{126}
\entry {static libraries}{25}
\entry {static linking, forcing with \option {-static}}{27}
\entry {\option {static} option, force static linking}{27}
\entry {\code {std} namespace in C++}{66}
\entry {\option {std} option, select specific language standard}{28, 31}
\entry {\code {step}, command in \code {gdb}}{49}
\entry {stopping execution, with breakpoints in \code {gdb}}{48}
\entry {strict ANSI/ISO C, \option {-pedantic} option}{30}
\entry {\code {strip} command}{106}
\entry {subexpression elimination, optimization}{51}
\entry {suggest parentheses around assignment used as truth value}{116}
\entry {Sun SPARC, platform-specific options}{76}
\entry {support, commercial}{123}
\entry {SVID extensions, GNU C Library}{30}
\entry {symbol table}{45}
\entry {symbol table, examining with \code {nm}}{106}
\entry {syntax error}{111}
\entry {system libraries}{15}
\entry {system libraries, location of}{15, 21, 77}
\entry {system-specific predefined macros}{40}
\entry {SYSV, System V executable format}{105}
\initial {T}
\entry {\option {t} option, archive table of contents}{94}
\entry {tab, in makefiles}{14}
\entry {table of contents, in \code {ar} archive}{94}
\entry {table of contents, overflow error on AIX}{77}
\entry {target, in makefile}{13}
\entry {\code {tcsh}, limit command}{47}
\entry {templates, explicit instantiation}{70}
\entry {templates, \code {export} keyword}{71}
\entry {templates, in C++}{66}
\entry {templates, inclusion compilation model}{68}
\entry {temporary files, keeping}{43}
\entry {temporary files, written to \file {/tmp}}{16}
\entry {termination, abnormal (\code {core dumped})}{45}
\entry {threads, on AIX}{77}
\entry {Thumb, alternative code format on ARM}{77}
\entry {\code {time} command, measuring run-time}{58}
\entry {TOC overflow error, on AIX}{77}
\entry {tools, compiler-related}{93}
\entry {tradeoffs, between speed and space in optimization}{54}
\entry {Traditional C (K&R), warnings of different behavior}{37}
\entry {translators, from C++ to C, compared with \code {g++}}{63}
\entry {troubleshooting options}{85}
\entry {\option {tune} machine-specific option}{73}
\entry {type conversions, warning of}{34}
\entry {\code {typeof}, GNU C extension keyword}{29}
\initial {U}
\entry {\command {ulimit} command}{46, 90}
\entry {UltraSPARC, 32-bit mode vs 64-bit mode,}{76}
\entry {undeclared identifier error for C library, when using \option {-ansi} option}{29}
\entry {undeclared variable}{110}
\entry {undefined macro, compared with empty macro}{42}
\entry {undefined reference error}{16, 17, 119}
\entry {undefined reference error for \code {__gxx_personality_v0}}{64}
\entry {undefined reference to 'main'}{120}
\entry {undefined reference to C++ function, due to linking with \code {gcc}}{64}
\entry {underflow, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {underflow, on DEC Alpha}{75}
\entry {uninitialized pointer}{120}
\entry {uninitialized variable, warning of}{60}
\entry {\code {unix}, GNU C extension keyword}{29}
\entry {unknown escape sequence}{115}
\entry {unoptimized code (\option {-O0})}{56}
\entry {unrolling, of loops (optimization)}{54, 57}
\entry {unsigned bitfield option}{83}
\entry {unsigned \code {char} option}{80}
\entry {unsigned integer, casting}{35}
\entry {unsigned variable converted to signed, warning of}{34}
\entry {unterminated string or character constant}{112}
\entry {unused parameter warning}{117}
\entry {unused variable warning}{32, 117}
\entry {updated object files, relinking}{12}
\entry {updated source files, recompiling}{13}
\entry {Using GCC (Reference Manual)}{125}
\initial {V}
\entry {\option {v} option, verbose compilation}{85}
\entry {value, of macro}{40}
\entry {variable shadowing}{35}
\entry {variable, warning of uninitialized use}{60}
\entry {variable-size arrays}{30}
\entry {variables, in make}{14}
\entry {\code {vax}, GNU C extension keyword}{29}
\entry {verbose compilation, \option {-v} option}{86}
\entry {verbose help option}{85}
\entry {version number of GCC, displaying}{85}
\entry {virtual memory usage, limiting}{90}
\entry {void \code {return}, incorrect use of}{33}
\initial {W}
\entry {\option {W} option, enable additional warnings}{34}
\entry {\option {Wall} option, enable common warnings}{7}
\entry {warning option, \option {-W} additional warnings}{34}
\entry {warning options, \option {-Wall}}{7}
\entry {warning options, additional}{33}
\entry {warning options, in detail}{32}
\entry {warning, format with different type arg}{8}
\entry {warnings, additional with \option {-W}}{34}
\entry {warnings, and optimization}{60}
\entry {warnings, promoting to errors}{37}
\entry {\option {Wcast-qual} option, warn about casts removing qualifiers}{36}
\entry {\option {Wcomment} option, warn about nested comments}{32}
\entry {\option {Wconversion} option, warn about type conversions}{34}
\entry {\option {Weffc++} option}{65}
\entry {\option {Werror} option, convert warnings to errors}{37}
\entry {\option {Wimplicit} option, warn about missing declarations}{32}
\entry {\option {Wold-style-cast} option}{65}
\entry {word-ordering, endianness}{105}
\entry {word-size, determined from executable file}{105}
\entry {word-size, on UltraSPARC}{76}
\entry {\option {Wreturn-type} option, warn about incorrect return types}{33}
\entry {writable string constants, disabling}{37}
\entry {\option {Wshadow} option, warn about shadowed variables}{35}
\entry {\option {Wtraditional} option, warn about traditional C}{37}
\entry {\option {Wuninitialized} option, warn about uninitialized variables}{60}
\entry {\option {Wunused} option, unused variable warning}{32}
\entry {\option {Wwrite-strings} option, warning for modified string constants}{37}
\initial {X}
\entry {x86, floating-point arithmetic}{78}
\entry {x86, platform-specific options}{73}
\entry {XL compilers, compatibility on AIX}{77}
\entry {XOPEN extensions, GNU C Library}{30}
\initial {Z}
\entry {zero, division by}{75}
\entry {zero, from underflow on DEC Alpha}{75}